Persaudaraan Setia Hati Terate (PSHT)

Quick Facts

Country of OriginIndonesia

RegionAsia

Primary FocusHybrid

Belt SystemSashes

Character & Origin

Training

Organisation & Competition

What the style is built from

Editorial rating on a 0–3 scale, based on how much room each area gets in ordinary training.

About Persaudaraan Setia Hati Terate (PSHT)

Persaudaraan Setia Hati Terate, abbreviated PSHT, is an Indonesian pencak silat organization and school from Madiun in East Java. It descends from Setia Hati, founded in 1903 by Ki Ngabei Soerodiwirjo under the name Sedulur Tunggal Kecer. According to Utomo 2017, his student Ki Hajar Harjo Utomo received permission in 1922 to found his own organization and set up Pencak Silat Setia Hati in Madiun under the name Pemuda Sport Club. Draeger 1972 describes the development differently: in his account Terate is a branch of Setia Hati, which the founder renamed in 1917 after moving to Winogo near Madiun. Draeger mentions neither the year 1922 nor Hardjo Oetomo.

History

Draeger 1972 states that setia hati terate is an East Javanese branch of setia hati, originally called Sedulur Tunggal Ketjer, founded in 1903 in Surabaya by Ki Ngabehi Soerodiwirjo, known as Pak Soero. In 1917, he says, the founder moved to Winogo near Madiun and with the help of his ablest student renamed the system, until the whole form was finally called setia hati terate. The student's name is garbled in the available text.

How it differs

Utomo 2017 writes that the name Persaudaraan Setia Hati Terate has become almost a generic term for Setia Hati as a whole and overshadows other branches, for example Setia Hati Winongo. Draeger 1972 sees terate as an East Javanese branch of setia hati with kicks, the tjaluk and coloured sashes. According to him its popularity is limited to Muslims in Indonesia, and it is a form entirely under Muslim influence. Chambers, Draeger and Alexander 1970 describe Setia Hati more generally as a Central Javanese synthesis of arm and leg tactics.

Technique

Draeger 1972 writes that about 75 percent of all tactics of setia hati terate use the leg for something other than moving, yet the system appears balanced because it covers all kinds of attacks and defences. The expert, he says, relies less on physical contact and more on evasion, which according to Draeger is made possible by hypnosis of the enemy. Draeger also claims that the expert does not despise the enemy but likes him as a human being. According to Draeger the system developed from the founder's travels through China, Sumatra, Borneo and Java and became a synthesis. A favoured weapon is the blade tjaluk, a short knife of Muslim origin, carried hidden in clothing or in a wide sash. Chambers, Draeger and Alexander 1970 call the Setia Hati style a Central Javanese synthesis of arm and leg tactics. According to them a Setia Hati practitioner pretends to retreat quietly and be willing to accept defeat, then strikes with a surprising powerful kick from any position, even from the ground. The book speaks of Setia Hati in general, not explicitly of Terate. According to Wikipedia id, instruction in SH Terate is divided into groups: ajaran for beginners, prestasi for tournaments and bela diri praktis. Under ajaran it lists senam massal, senam dasar, jurus, jurus belati and kuncian. This is a claim of Wikipedia, which cites PSHT literature.

Training

Draeger 1972 states that everyone entering instruction must swear an oath on seven obligatory points: to worship God, not to commit adultery, to support the government, to think before acting, to love all people, to recognize and honour the founder Pak Soera and to resolve personal problems by discussion with members. Instruction begins, he says, with physical skills such as balance, stance, movement, evasion and strikes. With experience come unusual elements, among which Draeger counts evasion and hypnosis. Wikipedia id adds that Ajaran Setia Hati is also taught, that is the relationship of man to God, people and the universe, and Ajaran dan Gerakan Budi Luhur, and that the organization has a series of Javanese philosophical principles. This is a claim of Wikipedia.

Ranks and progression

Draeger 1972 writes that members are recognized by the colours of the sashes worn on the training dress. He describes the lowest colour as a neutral shade, followed by pink, green and white. On reaching the white belt, the first degree of skill is complete according to him, the second is intermediate and the third is the highest possible award. The portal shterate.com from 2011 states that the path in PSHT has three degrees, tingkat satu, dua and tiga. The first degree is divided into steps tied to the system of belts and slendangs, that is sashes, and each step ends with an exam. This is PSHT's claim about itself.

Today

Kemhan 2017 cites the PSHT chairman: the organization operates in 236 cities and districts of Indonesia, has 59 university commissariats and ten special branches abroad in nine countries. As countries it names Malaysia, the Netherlands, Russia, East Timor, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Belgium and France. This is a claim the organization made about itself in 2017. The ministry report gives no membership figure. The PSHT portal from 2011 speaks of 1.5 million members in 177 cabang, Wikipedia en of seven million, although the cited websites do not contain that figure, and Wikipedia id of ten million in 2021 without a stated source. The organization has long been in a dispute over leadership. According to Republika of 1 December 2023, the Supreme Court of Indonesia rejected the second review of a suit by Drs R Moerdjoko and Tono Suharyanto seeking to annul the decree of the Ministry of Law of 26 September 2019, which recognizes the legal entity of PSHT led by Dr Muhammad Taufiq.

Did you know

Draeger 1972 explains that terate is an unusual flower that can live for a long time with or without water, and the name therefore denotes a self-sufficient whole that never knows death. The portal shterate.com from 2011 calls terate a water lily that blooms even in mud and keeps its purity. According to the same portal, PSHT is the only style of pencak silat that uses the krambit weapon. Besides it, it names celurit, trisula, toya, golok, parang and pisau. Draeger mentions only the tjaluk for terate. This is a claim PSHT makes about itself.

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