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General overview of grades

This ladder is not yet attributed to a specific organisation. Federations differ in belt colours and time requirements.

Professional Japanese Sumo (JSA) lacks Kyu/Dan ranks, relying instead on the official Banzuke ranking split into 6 divisions: Jonokuchi, Jonidan, Sandanme, Makushita, Juryo, and Makuuchi (culminating in Yokozuna). It evaluates Dohyo rituals, Tachiai explosive charges, Harite open-palm slaps, and ring pushing.

1st Level – Jonokuchi

JonokuchiRank #1

Typical gap since previous grade: 3 monthsestimate

Requirements & Focus

Basic Tsuppari (palm strikes), Mawashi belt grips, and Shinto rituals.

Symbolism & Meaning

Absolute beginning ("the mouth") in the professional hierarchy of Japanese Sumo.

2nd Level – Makushita

MakushitaRank #2

Typical gap since previous grade: 24 monthsestimate

Requirements & Focus

Elite un-salaried division just below the professionals (Sekitori). 7 bouts per tournament.

Symbolism & Meaning

Fierce battle for survival and promotion to salaried ranks.

3rd Level – Juryo (Sekitori)

Typical gap since previous grade: 36 monthsestimate

Requirements & Focus

Fully salaried professional (Sekitori) fighting 15 bouts per tournament. O-icho-mage topknot.

Symbolism & Meaning

Privileged class having personal attendants and colored silk Mawashi.

4th Level – Makuuchi

MakuuchiRank #4

Typical gap since previous grade: 48 monthsestimate

Requirements & Focus

Elite wrestler of top division (includes Maegashira, Komusubi, Sekiwake).

Symbolism & Meaning

Wrestlers whose bouts are broadcast across Japan in prime time.

5th Level – Ozeki (Champion)

Typical gap since previous grade: 72 monthsestimate

Requirements & Focus

Second highest rank in Sumo. Earned by 33 wins in 3 consecutive tournaments.

Symbolism & Meaning

Ozeki = Highly respected champion carrying the prestige of Japan.

6th Level – Yokozuna (Grand Champion)

YokozunaRank #6

Typical gap since previous grade: 96 monthsestimate

Requirements & Focus

Divine status and absolute peak. Wears the ceremonial white rope (Tsuna) of rice straw.

Symbolism & Meaning

Immortal. A Yokozuna can never be demoted, only retires with honor.